Emerald Heart

We only have universities in Sweden as well, I think.

Ok to clarify - school until you graduate, then pre-degree certifications (in the uk there are two paths there, "advanced" school (aka A levels) or college diplomas), then university for a degree, then if you stay on that path a doctorate (otherwise, join the work force), then professional certifications (for whatever career you are in) which usually then have ongoing requirements to keep up with new developments to stay certified....

It's complex in the uk. advanced school exams are set by the same bodies that set ordinary school exams (or OWLs in hogwarts, of course). Not all schools allow pupils to stay after the ordinary levels, so if yours doesn't, you have to move schools for the last couple of years, or attend a college that offers them.

you can also take national diplomas and higher national diplomas (A levels are considered better than the former, but lower than the latter) Diplomas are often more vocational than the purely academic A Levels, and cover a breadth of subjects in "modules" (while if you want to go the A Level path, you will need to take multiple specialized A Levels, in appropriate subjects). the structure is much like a degree course, and some colleges pipeline that so that you move straight from the HND to a degree course without a formal process in between).  A separate body manages the diplomas.

beyond the diplomas you move on to a degree course; those can be taken either at a polytechnic or a university (as I understand it, the distinction is some sort of royal charter, and a number of polys have become universities in the last decade or so). As far as I know, doctorates are ONLY offered at universities (but I don't have one, and didn't intend to, so didn't really look into it; given how many years its been, it may also have changed of course)