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  1. Stalliongrad
    NASA's STS program was envisioned to be the "Space Truck" needed to carry supplies and astronauts out of orbit, so that construction of the space station now known as the International Space Station could be built.
     



     

    NASA STS OV-104 Atlantis Launches from Kennedy Space Center during STS-132


     
    Fleet Size: 6 Shuttles total (5 Functional), 2 Lost (1 on Launch, 1 on re-entry). 2 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: NASA's Space Shuttles were constructed jointly by Boeing and Rockwell International. The shuttles were powered by 3 Aerojet Rocketdyne RS-25 Rockets which burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen and 2 Aerojet Rocketdyne AJ-10-190 Booster Engines. To assist with Launch, the shuttles were launched with 2 Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB's) built by Thiokol/Pratt and Whitney. Along with one External Tank which housed the Liquid Nitrogen.
     
     
     
     



     

    NASA STS OV-105 Endeavor Firing the SRB's


     

    Model Quick Facts: STS Orbiter


     

    Crew: 6-8



    Vehicle Length: 122 ft, 2 in



    Vehicle Wingspan: 78 ft, 6 in



    Vehicle Height: 58.58 ft



    Vehicle Weight (Empty): 151,205 lbs


     
    The Space Transportation System served the primary function of taking astronauts and their supplies into low earth orbit in space. NASA also utilized these craft to dock with the International Space Station (which they helped build) and to interact with satellites. The fleet served as follows.
     



     

    NASA STS OV-101 Enterprise on Display in New York City


     

    Enterprise:


     

    Namesake: U.S.S. Enterprise NCC-1701 (Star Trek)



    Designation: OV-101



    Completed: September 17, 1976



    Fate: On Display


     

    Enterprise was the test prototype for the STS program and exists solely as an unpowered glider. Enterprise was carried on top of its shuttle carrier and released and glided back using its own power. The testing of Enterprise laid the vital framework that would later pave the way for the program. Enterprise was built without engines or a heat shield and never went to space. NASA did intend to convert her to be space worthy but it was more cost effective to construct her successor instead.


     



     

    NASA STS OV-102 Columbia


     

    Columbia


     

    Namesake: Trading ship Columbia Rediviva



    Designation: OV-102



    Completed: March 8, 1979



    Fate: Lost, Destroyed on February 1, 2003


     
    Columbia has the distinction of being the first STS orbiter in space. Columbia completed 28 missions and spent 300 days total in space. Columbia was lost on February 1. 2003 during reentry into the atmosphere. During its last launch STS-107 a piece of foam insulation broke off from the External Tank and struck the left wing and damaged part of the shuttles heat shielding. Previous shuttle launches had seen minor damage but it was later determined that the damage to Columbia during STS-107 was more severe. During reentry, the hot gases of the atmosphere penetrated the damaged area of the left wing and caused the ship to become unstable and eventually break apart over Parts of East Texas and Louisiana. The ship was declared lost and President George W. Bush addressed the nation stating that the space program would continue.
     
     
     



     

    NASA STS OV-099 Challenger


     

    Challenger


     

    Namesake: HMS Challenger



    Designation: OV-099



    Compeleted: October 23, 1981



    Fate: Lost, Destroyed on January 28 1986


     
    Challenger was originally only built as a frame but was later converted to be a fully functional space worthy orbiter. (Hence its odd designation number) Challenger was the second space worthy orbiter and completed 9 missions before breaking apart 73 seconds into 10th mission. Challenger spent 62 days in space and orbited Earth 995 times. During STS-51-L Challenger broke apart during launch due to a failure with an O-Ring seal on one of the Solid Rocket Boosters. The ship and the crew were lost. This accident resulted in a two and a half year suspension of the program and grounding of the fleet.
     
     



     

    NASA STS OV-103 Discovery


     

    Discovery


     

    Namesake: HMS Discovery



    Designation: OV-103



    Completed: February 23, 1983



    Fate: Decomissioned on March 9, 2011, On Display at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum


     
     

    Discovery is the third space worthy orbiter and perhaps the most successful. Discovery served for 27 years, launched and landed 39 times and gathered more space time than any other spacecraft to date. Discovery spent almost a total of exactly a year in space. The majority of this missions carried out by Discovery involved research at the International Space Station as well as missions involving its assembly. Discovery launched 31 satellites including the Hubble Space Telescope. Discovery marked "The Return to Space" twice after the loss of Challenger in 1988 with STS-26 and then again after the loss of Columbia in 2006 with STS-114. Discovery was the result of lessons learned from the first two orbiters. Discovery weighed 6,870 pounds less that Columbia. The Department of Defense had plans to use Discovery to move payloads from Vandernburg Air Force Base Discovery would have been the first U.S. Air Force space shuttle. Discovery holds the honor of being the first shuttle decommissioned taken out of service after its final mission STS-133.


     
     




     

    NASA STS OV-104 Atlantis


     

    Atlantis


     

    Namesake: RV Atlantis



    Designation: OV-104



    Completed: April 10, 1984



    Fate: Decomissioned July 8, 2011, On Display at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex


     
     

    Atlantis was the fourth shuttle in the STS program and was most notable for its cooperation with the Russian Mir Space program and assistance with European Space Agency missions. Atlantis completed 33 missions, spent 306 days in space and orbited Earth 4,848 times. Atlantis docked with the Russian Space Station Mir 7 times, the International Space Station 12 times and launched 14 satellites. Atlantis was built in half the time it took to build Columbia. The final mission of the American Space Shuttle program was carried out by Atlantis with STS-135.


     
     
     




     

    NASA STS OV-105 Endeavour docked with ISS during STS-127


     

    Endeavour


     

    Namesake: HMS Endeavour



    Designation: OV-105



    Completed: July 6, 1990



    Fate: Decomissioned on June 1, 2011, On Display at the California Space Center


     
     

    Endeavour was authorized to be built to replace Challenger. Spare parts from Discovery and Atlantis were used to build Endeavour. It completed 25 missions and spent a total of 296 days in space. Endeavour orbited Earth 4,671 times, deployed 3 satellites, docked with the Russian Space Station Mir once and the International Space Station 12 times. Endeavour received multiple upgrades as more was learned about the loss of Columbia. Due to the planned cancellation of the Space Shuttle Program and supplies needed on the International Space Station, Congress authorized STS-134 to deliver equipment to the ISS. STS-134 was originally intended to be the last mission but STS-135 was later authorized which meant Atlantis was the last shuttle in space. Endeavour was used in a commercial during the 2013 Super Bowl when a Toyota Tundra towed Endeavour for 12 miles.


     
     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIoRWIgzvbM

     

    NASA STS-104 Atlantis Launch


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShRa2RG2KDI

     

    NASA STS-105 Endeavour during STS-134 its final mission


  2. Stalliongrad
    My Transit agency finally took delivery of its first batch of New Flyer Xcelsior buses, today i got my first chance to drive one, and here are my first impressions and experiences.
     
    To give perspective most of the vehicles in the fleet at my company are 2003 VanHool A330 buses and 2009 VanHool A300L and A300K models.
     



     

    DC Circulator New Flyer Xcelsior XDE


     
    Note: Buses are generally built to the specific requests and requirements of the customer and the features of our fleet may or may not be found in other fleets of similar vehicles.
     
    First Impressions: Our first taste of the Xcelsior came in the class room. We were given the manual provided by New Flyer for generic Xcelsior models as well as a manual more specific to our fleet.
     



     

    New Flyer Xcelsior Driver's Handbook (condensed)


     
    First, the XDE models are powered by an array of very strong very heavy batteries which are mounted on the roof and the combined total weight is exactly 1 ton. These batteries power the drive train necessary for the vehicle to move. The Diesel engine is used as a power plant to "charge" those batteries. Akin to the way a Toyota Prius works. The weight of these batteries means that the XDE models are very top heavy, and this means that cornering and cross winds can affect the stability of the vehicle.
     
    Second, the Xcelsior is equipped with regenerative braking and automatic retarders. This means that when you take your foot off of the accelerator pedal, the bus begins to slow itself down. The brake petal is extremely sensitive and even light tapping on the brake pedal result in harsh braking. The regenerative braking feature can be turned on and off but that is the discretion of the company. Otherwise the switch must remain on.
     
    Because the Xcelsior "technically" doesn't have a transmission, and is powered solely by the batteries it accelerates very quickly as most hybrids do.
     
    The Xcelsior has a very complex cooling system used to cool the mostly computerized components. 8 cooling fans regulate the temperature to the radiator and several lines of coolant run to cool the batteries.
     
    The Xcelsior has a much better dash layout over the the A330. The warning lights and indicators are spelled out in words rather than symbols. This makes communication between drivers and mechanics extremely efficient.



     

    New Flyer Xcelsior Dashboard


     
    Perhaps the biggest change for myself that will take come getting used to involves the steering wheel. The VanHool A330 has a 9 foot front overhang. This means that the front of the bus can go over curbs and turns can be completed with ease. Generally speaking, the farther the front wheels are from the front of the bus, the easier it is to turn. The closer the front wheels are to the front of the bus the harder it is to turn.
     



     

    DC Circulator VanHool A330 (note the amount of space between the front wheel and the front bumper)


     
    The A330 is a very easy to drive because of the unusually long amount of front overhang. Conversely this bus is very difficult to drive because of the unusually long rear tail swing which measures 11 ft. This means that if you are not careful the rear of the bus will most certainly always hit something.
     
    The Xcelsior has no tail swing because it has no front overhang. This means that every turn made must be made precisely correct and there is a very little room for error.
     
    Washington DC specific features: The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) held surveys over the course of 2 years asking customers what features they would like new buses to have. One of the biggest requested were outlets to charge cell phones and laptops. DDOT requested its Xcelsior models to be fitted with such outlets. A feature that WMATA buses are not equipped with.
     
    Most transit agencies make use of a system known as CleverDevice. CleverDevice manufacturers automated announcement systems which announce the next stop and nearest intersections. Our buses have been fitted with this device but have not yet been activated.
     
    During the survey it was discovered that half of all riders enjoyed the 3 doors found on the VanHool A330 and half did not. WMATA and DDOT explored the idea of 3 doors on a standard Xcelsior but it was determined it would not be cost effective. From a drivers perspective the 3 doors on the VanHool A330 have been nothing but an irritant we will be glad to see go. The buses we have are from 2003 and the doors have been known to malfunction and open even when the door open button has not been pressed.
     
    New Livery: was designed by DDOT and then voted on by riders who selected a brighter more vibrant red and yellow. Older buses will be repainted in this new livery.
     



     

    WMATA New Flyer Xcelsior and Circulator Xcelsior livery comparison


     
    Quirks to get used to: Driving a bus built in 2003 has been easy as the technology is archaic in comparison. The Xcelsior cannot be put into gear until the brake pedal has been pushed firmly on the floor and the parking brake deactivated. The Xcelsior also will not be able to kneel unless the parking brake has been activated.
     
    Starting the VanHool A330 is as simple as waiting for the glow plugs and waiting for the fuel management system to engage. Starting the Xcelsior requires patience and an understanding of how the Xcelsior powers itself.
     
    The Batteries that power the Xcelsior must make contact with each other and various other components before it can be started. This is done with large magnets which make contact with each other first. Magnets replace the "transmission" as the force of large electromagnets repelling each other is what forces the wheels to turn. If this is not done first the bus will not start.
     
    The Kneeling feature must be calibrated at the beginning of the day. The Xcelsior will record the first time it kneels (after the most recent engine start) then repeat that lower height for the rest of the time the engine is on.
     
    Final Judgment: All in all the Xcelsior makes the average bus driver feel like a 747 pilot. It is a fun bus to drive but at $1.1 million dollars (DDOT specifications) fun is hardly the word one can use behind the controls.
  3. Stalliongrad
    The Story of Lou Jing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Jing is one of courage and opened up China's internal race relations to the world.
     



     

    Lou Jing and her mother during her competition


     
    Location: Shanghai, People's Republic of China
     
    Lou Jing was born in China to Chinese mother and an African-American father who left before she was born. She gained worldwide media attention after her appearance on a Chinese adaptation of American Idol called Let's Go! Oriental Angel in August 2009.
     



     

    Lou Jing was born and raised in Shanghai, People's Republic of China


     
    During her time on the show she was frequently called "Chocolate Girl" and the judges and viewing audience put a great deal of her attention on her skin color, rather than her ability to sing and model. While her time on the show was generally well received, internet in China exploded with many supporters and many critics. Many attacked Lou Jing with statements that she wasn't Chinese and that she should never have been born. Others attacked her mother for "creating such an abomination". Lou Jing herself remarked that she ignored most of the racist attacks she received and said the media blew the internet controversy out of proportion.
     



     

    Lou Jing continues to study Acting and Theater in China


     
    The remarks that attacked Lou Jing's Mother were overtly racist and were first widely reported by British newspapers. The seemingly endless racist comments were not about the fact that Lou Jing was black, but that a Chinese woman slept with a Black man. When being interviewed by a reporter from the BBC, Lou Jing stated that racism exists in all countries but she found it interesting that Chinese people mixed with White ancestry do not receive as much attention she did. China has a growing immigrant population, especially from Africa. Chinese companies have been pouring money into Africa for the past decade and have been giving out scholarships to African Students to attend Chinese universities and colleges. Guangzhou the capital Guangdong Province is home to the largest African population in Asia.
     



     

    Lou Jing continues to model and has appeared in minor Chinese media outlets since her appearance on the show


     
    Lou Jing reportedly turned down an interview with Oprah claiming she didn't feel like anyone special and that her ordeal did not change her opinion of her home country. She resurfaces in minor media outlets hoping to check on her progress since her ordeal.
     

    Lou Jing on Dragon TV's Lets Go! Oriental Angel


     




     

    CNN Report


     




  4. Stalliongrad
    Most Transit Agencies, School Districts, Private Bus Companies and Trucking Companies, organize or participate in events called a Roadeo.
     



     

    SEPTA New Flyer C40LFR participating in a Roadeo


     
    A Bus Roadeo involves Bus Drivers attempting to complete a driving course as quickly as possible and as safely as possible in order to prevent knocking over cones. For Bus Drivers the maneuvers also include simulated passenger pick up and wheelchair securement trials. Backing maneuvers are also included. Roadeo's are a fun way for drivers to gain bragging rights and to show off their skill. The public is often invited to take a look at the buses and the competition. Vintage buses often part of the Historic Fleet are displayed as well. The Challenges typically involve the same types of tests often given to Bus Drivers when they are in training to get their Commercial Drivers License and more advanced tricky maneuvers a veteran bus driver would typically come across.
     



     

    TTC Orion VII participating in a Roadeo


     



     

    A Judge inspects a MAX Transit Birmingham New Flyer Xcelsior XN40 during a backing maneuver.


     
    Organized at the National Level, drivers can go on to represent their company at the national championship if they win at the regional level. A trophy is awarded to the best driver. Drivers who win typically are awarded special patches and emblems to put on their uniform signifying their status as safe drivers, and the company can win money and bragging rights as the "safest operator" until the next Roadeo.
     
    The National Truck Driving Championships are typically organized the same way. Trucking companies send their best drivers to the Championships to compete. Truck Driving Championships are more difficult and place a heavier emphasis on backing, which truck drivers do a lot of.
     



     

    The 2014 National Truck Driving Championships were held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania


     
    In addition to the skills being showcased, the Championships are often the time where Trucking Companies show off their new Trucks, Trailers and new Technologies. Truckers often compete in more specialized classes of driving such as Tanker, and B-Double/Road Trains. Truckers are given very difficult tasks which always involve precision such as cornering within inches of small "marker" objects which are often very hard to see such as Tennis Balls or Rubber Ducks. The competition begins and ends with a special ceremony called the "parade of trucks" during which the trucks used in the competition are washed, have their chrome polished and are escorted in and out of the arena to show off to the fans.
     



     

    Precision is the most important factor at the Championships


     
     
     

    SEPTA Bus Roadeo


     




     

    2011 Truck Driving Championships "Parade of Trucks"


     




  5. Stalliongrad
    The 7th Largest transit system in the United States and the 2nd Largest in California, the San Francisco Municipal Railway provides transit services for the city and county of San Francisco with an operating budget of $700 Million.
     



     

    SF Muni New Flyer Xcelsior XDE


     
    Type: Public, Owned and Operated by the City and County of San Francisco
     
    Fleet Size: 800 Low Floor Buses, 200 Streetcars, 40 Cable Cars
     
    Routes: 54 Bus Routes, 17 Trolleybus Lines, 7 Light Rail Lines, 3 Cable Car Lines and 1 Heritage Streetcar line known as F Market and Wharves
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: SF Muni Buses are procured from various manufacturers to include, Neoplan, Orion and ETI. SF Muni recently entered into an agreement with New Flyer of Canada to purchase 70 New Flyer Xcelcior XDE buses. SF Muni operates the largest Trolleybus fleet in the country. Powerplants range from Diesel, Diesel Electric Hybrid and full Electric Trolleybus.
     



     

    SF Muni Orion VII Hybrid


     
    Fare Collection: The Contactless Card Payment System in the San Francisco Bay Area is called Clipper Card. Originally envisioned in the mid 90's as a magnetic contact card it was given a $4 Million budget it was abandoned and then revived years later. Developed by Motorola, the Clipper card is accepted by 8 different transit agencies.
     



     

    Clipper Card


     
    Livery: SF Muni transit vehicles all share the same Grey and Red striped livery. SF Muni does sell the sides and exterior of its vehicles for advertising space.
     



     

    SF Muni Boeing-Vertol USSLRV on its Inaugural run in 1980


     
    Innovations: Many of the reforms that have shaped SF Muni into its current form have taken place due to Union/Labor disputes or public outcry. It was reported that the average speed of SF Muni at grade transit vehicles was less than 8 MPH and this was the reason for delays and the difficulty for buses to stay on schedule
     



     

    SF Muni New Flyer Xcelsior XDE


     

    SF Muni New Flyer Xcelsior XDE alighting passengers


     




  6. Stalliongrad
    The Chicago Transit Authority is the 3rd largest in the United States. In continuous service since 1947 which began after the consolidation of several different transit authorities into one entity. CTA Buses alone provide 1 million passenger trips a day.
     



     

    CTA New Flyer D40LF


     
    Type: Public, Independent Illinois Government Agency
     
    Fleet Size: 1,879 Low Floor and Articulated Buses, 1,190 Subway Rolling Stock
     
    Routes: 140 Bus Routes, 8 Rail Lines
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: CTA sources its fleet from Novabus and New Flyer of Canada utilizing Diesel, Diesel Electric Hybrid and CNG powerplants.
     



     

    CTA NovaBus LFS


     
    Fare Collection: The Contactless card payment system in Chicago is called Ventra Card. Ventra Card is unique in that it is a fusion of a standard RFID based transit card and a debit card which can be connected to an account to hold money. CTA accepts fares using Ventra Card, Cash and any debit card fitted with an RFID chip. This allows the card to be used where debit cards are accepted.
     



     

    CTA Ventra Card


     
    Livery: CTA Buses are decorated with a White, Red and Blue paint scheme which was introduced after the arrival of its first batch of TMC RTS buses. CTA buses were once painted green and were nicknamed "green limousines".
     



     

    CTA NovaBus LFS


     
     
    Innovations: The nature of acquisition that is in the history of the CTA has many parallels with the MTA in New York City. Various transit companies in Chicago were consolidated to create a more efficient and unified system. CTA's first bus fleet were the remnants of the Chicago Motor Coach Company and were sold to the CTA to begin bus service. CTA Buses are notable for their close resemblance in specifications to their Canadian counterparts. The CTA is also known to delay purchasing new buses keeping older ones as long as possible.
     



     

    CTA Transportation Manufacturing Corporation Rapid Transit Series


     

    CTA Buses at work


     




  7. Stalliongrad
    The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority hosts the 8th Largest Transit Network in the United States, Formed in 1971 as strictly a bus network, it is expanded to include rail service as well.
     



     

    MARTA New Flyer C40LFR


     
    Type: Public, Owned and Managed by the City of Atlanta and surrounding counties
     
    Fleet Size: 3,025 Low Floor Buses, 450 Heavy and Light Rail Vehicles
     
    Routes: 92 Bus Lines, 4 Rail Lines, 1 Streetcar line
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: MARTA sources its fleet from New Flyer of Canada and utilizes Diesel Electric Hybrid as well as Compressed Natural Gas powerplants.
     



     

    MARTA New Flyer Xcelsior XN40


     
    Fare Collection: The Contactless Card Payment System in Atlanta is called Breeze Card. Implemented in 2006 to replace its outdated token system, cards were given out for free to those who requested them. They are among the cheapest contactless cards in use costing only $1 to purchase.
     



     

    MARTA Breeze Card


     
    Livery: MARTA uses an unpainted white livery along with the company "ribbon" as its paint scheme similar to the style used by SEPTA.
     



     

    MARTA New Flyer Xcelsior XN40


     
    Innovations: MARTA is the realization of a joint transit agency structure that is common around large cities with extensive populations. MARTA serves not only the City of Atlanta but the counties of Fulton, Clayton and DeKalb, similarly practiced in the City of Dallas.
     




     

    MARTA New Flyer D40LF


     
     
     

    MARTA Buses At Work


     




  8. Stalliongrad
    Operating the largest transit network in North America, transporting over 7 million people a day (2 billion a year) the NYCTA is a large and complex network of Bus and Rail services.
     



     

    MTA Orion V


     
    Type: Public/Private - Bus Network MTA Owned, Subway Network owned by the City of New York
     
    Fleet Size: 4,525 Buses, 6,344 Subway Rolling Stock
     
    Routes: 237 Bus Routes, 65 Express Bus Routes, 24 Subway Lines
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: Utilizing Compressed Natural Gas, Hybrid Electric and Diesel powerplants, the NYCTA sources its fleet from all major bus manufacturers in North America.
     
     



     

    MTA Orion VII


     
    Fare Collection: There is no contactless card payment system in the City of New York. However the NYCTA does utilized a magnetic contact fare collection system called MetroCard. This card is reloadable but its technology is archaic in comparison to contactless card payment options offered by similar agencies in the United States and worldwide. Magnetic card technology in the use of a transit setting was abandoned by many transit agencies in the early 2000's in favor of contactless cards which are easier to maintain and distribute.The NYCTA is notable for only recently abandoning its use of tokens (2003).
     
     



     

    MTA MetroCard


     
    Livery: The NYCTA brands its fleet with the use of a subsidized agency known as RBO or Regional Bus Operations. Both city and regional bus fleets utilize a similar White and Blue livery.
     
     



     

    MTA New Flyer Xcelsior XD60


     
    Innovations: In its current incarnation the NYCTA was formed by acquisition of competing agencies. The NYCTA's extensive history of acquisition of competition has formed the largest transit network in North America. This creates a complex corporate structure of the agency being forced to create subsidiaries using its own personnel and resources and distinguishing them with separate branding. Most transit agencies recieve and to some extent rely on assistance from its State of Residence or the Federal Government. The extremely high amount of ridership on the network enables the NYCTA to pay almost 70% of its operating costs from fares and advertising alone.
     
     



     

    MTA Kawasaki Heavy Industries R143 Railcars


     
    Driving Dynamics: Driving a 40 or 60 ft bus in a crowded city is one thing, but there is nothing that can prepare a driver for a career of professional driving in America's largest city. Drivers here constantly battle the normal combatants of a big city along with problems that are specific to the City of New York. Violence is one major concern. Bus drivers are attacked by the public constantly safety partitions were added to reduce this concern. The threat of terrorist attacks is a concern to every transit agency in the world but one that resonates deeper with the NYCTA for obvious reasons. (We Will Never Forget) but perhaps one of the biggest challenges other than the traffic would be mother nature herself. New York is not excluded from the normal weather phenomena which plague the East Coast every year. However, New York's proximity and construction on top of several large bodies of water have the constant effect of amplifying various weather conditions such as Snowfall and Hurricanes. Bus service continues even in these conditions.
     
     



     

    An NYCTA Articulated bus fitted with snow chains


     
     
     

    MTA Post Hurricane Sandy Relief Operations


     




     
     




  9. Stalliongrad
    The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority services five counties in the State of Pennsylvania and one in the State of New Jersey. Unique, in that it is not a state agency, its primary responsibility is to the counties and the City of Philadelphia. It is the 6th Largest Rapid Transit System in the U.S.
     



     

    SEPTA New Flyer DE40LF


     
    Type: Public
     
    Fleet Size: 2,295 Multi-modal vehicles to include Buses, Trolleys, Streetcars and Subway Rolling Stock
     
    Routes: 196
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: SEPTA recently entered into a contract with NovaBus to replace its entire fleet which consists primarily of outdated Neoplan and NABI models. New Flyer models were acquired as a short term solution.
     
     



     

    SEPTA NovaBus LFS


     
    Fare Collection: SEPTA is one of the few transit agencies which still use Tokens as a form of fare validation. SEPTA is in the process of introducing a long overdue Contactless Card Payment System on par with similar agencies on the East Coast. SEPTA's Contactless Card Payment System will be called SEPTA Key. (Like Ben Franklin's Key) Two Versions of the Septa Key will be offered. One with the riders name printed on it and one without the latter costing a bit more.
     
     



     

    SEPTA Tokens


     
    Livery: All of SEPTA's vehicle fleet utilizes an unpainted white livery along with the corporate Blue and red "ribbon". SEPTA sells the sides, rear or entire vehicle exterior for advertising space.
     
     



     

    SEPTA Kawasaki LRV


     
    Innovations: SEPTA is one of only two transit agencies across the U.S. that is known to operate all 5 of the most common types of transit vehicles to include; Regional Transit Rail, Heavy Rapid Transit Rolling Stock, Light Rail Vehicles, Electric Trolleybuses and Standard Diesel Buses.
     
     



     

    SEPTA ALP-44


     
    Driving Dynamics: With 121 Bus Routes most in the City of Philadelphia, SEPTA encounters unique driving difficulties caused by its own impact on infrastructure. There aren't many places where transit buses encounter at grade rail vehicles as commonly as in Philadelphia.
     
     

    SEPTA at work in Downtown Philadelphia


     




  10. Stalliongrad
    Prévost is a well known manufacturer of Highway Coaches for the North American Market. Its vehicles are known for their smooth and comfortable ride and high build quality.


     



     

    Prévost is the Official Luxury Motorcoach Sponsor of Nascar


     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1924 by Eugene Prévost



    Main Office: Sainte-Claire, Quebec, Canada



    Notable Product: H Series Highway Coaches, X Series Highway Coaches, LeMirage, Marathon


     
    As a subsidiary of Volvo Group, Prévost has expanded its offering to include the Volvo 9700 for the North American market. This partnership has also enabled Prévost to expand in to other ventures.
     



     

    Greyhound Prévost X3-45


     
    Eugene Prévost was a cabinet maker and carpenter who made school furniture and church pews. He was asked to build a bus frame onto a specialized chassis. His product became popular and received multiple orders. Prévost continued to make bus frames out of wood until 1945 when they began to use metal. The company was purchased by two American businessmen in the late 60's and sold to Volvo in 1995.
     



     
     

    Prévost H3-45 Factory Demonstrator


     
    With Volvo backing, Prévost has dominated its market share for years. Most speculate it is because its competitors are unable to match the smooth ride offered on Prévost chassis offerings.
     



     

    United States Secret Service Ground Force One Prévost X3-45 VIP


     
    In 2011 the United States Secret Service purchased 2 Prévost X3-45 VIP Highway Coaches for use in Presidential Motorcades. Previously the Secret Service hired a private coach from a private company in whatever city the President would travel in. Due to security concerns it was decided purchasing coaches for Presidential use was a more secure option. In the transit community it was seen as unusual for the Secret Service to purchase Prévost models with Federal Tax Payer money due to Buy America restrictions. (These are restrictions which force companies and the government to give preference to Domestic Manufacturers to procure vehicles if they are to be purchased with Federal money). Prévost was selected due to its reputation and bad experiences with older model MCI coaches.
     
    Prévost coaches legnedary reputation have earned them repeat customers time and time again and pushed the company to dominate the very competitive market for highway coaches. Prévost models are often selected more than its competitors for specialty applications such as VIP Entertainer coaches, Team Buses and RV Shells.
     



     

    Dallas Cowboys Prévost Marathon


     
     

    Greyhound Prévost X3-45


     




     
     




  11. Stalliongrad
    The heart of any vehicle is its engine, in the world of commercial vehicles, the engine is often made by a separate manufacturer and each one has different characteristics. The manufacturer can often be identified by the color of the engine block.
     



     

    Cummins Inc.


     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1919 in Columbus, Indiana by Clessie Cummins



    Main Office: Columbus, Indiana



    Industry: Diesel Engines, Filtration Systems, Power Generators, Turbo Chargers


     
    Cummins is probably best known for refining the nucleus for what was the first Diesel Engine invented 20 years before the company was founded. It achieved early success manufacturing engines for railroad applications. Cummins enters into partnerships with similar companies to jointly develop and refine newer technologies.
     



     

    Dodge Ram 3500 equipped with Cummins Turbo Diesel


     
    The best known partnership is between Cummins and Dodge Trucks. In the late 1980s the idea was explored that if diesel engines were made small enough to fit in pickup trucks, "the average working man" would have more than enough power to tackle jobs that would normally require much larger trucks. The partnership has lasted over 25 years because of its success. This prompted Dodge's rivals to develop similar engines for their trucks. (Ford Powerstroke, Chevrolet Duramax). Cummins builds engines for trucks and buses as well.
     



     

    Detroit Diesel Corporation


     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1938 in Detroit, Michigan by General Motors



    Main Office: Detroit, Michigan



    Industry: Diesel Engines, Produced other equipment during WWII


     




     

    Caterpillar Inc.


     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1925 in Stockton, California by Benjamin Holt



    Main Office: Peoria, Illionis



    Industry: Construction Vehicles, Diesel Engines, Vocational Equipment, Financial Services


     
    Benjamin Holt was determined to find a way to make the steam tractors of the 1800s more practical and efficient. One idea was to put planks down ahead of the tractors to keep them from sinking into the ground. This was time consuming and difficult. He had the idea to put the planks onto the tractors eventually creating the first tracked steam tractor. A photographer remarked that Holt's Tractor moved like a "Caterpillar" and Holt used the name to market his tractors. Today Caterpillar has expanded and manufactures its own Diesel Engines which are sometimes used to power buses and trucks. Among many other new ventures Caterpillar has developed its own line of vocational work trucks for the first time.
     



     

    Caterpillar CT660 in Semi-Truck configuration


  12. Stalliongrad
    The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Van is the current incarnation of a long line of heavy and medium duty Mercedes-Benz Diesel work vans.
     



     

    Mercedes-Benz Sprinter (European Spec)


     
    Overview: The Sprinter Van is marketed toward business owners large and small who want a higher build quality and level of dependability out of their fleet vehicles. The Sprinter Van underwent extremely unusual testing (that only Mercedes would do) to ensure that the van would endure virtually any work environment by being taken on a trial of the infamous Dakar Rally.
     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Manufacturer: Daimler AG. Sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, Freightliner and Volkswagen brands. Most commonly Mercedes-Benz.
     
    Configurations: Van, Extended Van, Passenger Van, Minibus and Cab Chassis for custom modifications.
     
    Engines: Available as a standard gas engine or Turbo Diesel and coupled to a 5, 6 or 7 Speed transmission.
     



     

    Mercedes-Benz Sprinter of the Hong Kong Police Force


     
    The Sprinter Van has seen continual use and success since its introduction in 1995. The simplicity of what normally constitutes a van can hardly apply to the Sprinter which is constantly undergoing improvements. Tested in extreme heat and cold weather conditions and fitted with extremely rigid weatherproofing elements to keep rainwater out operators of the van have often been repeat customers. Although not marketed to the general public, people have been known to buy them for personal use such as RV conversion or use by larger families. The Sprinter is assembled in various countries from knock down kits, or parts shipped in containers and then assembled in the country of destination.
     



     

    FedEx Mercedes-Benz Sprinter at a Mercedes Dealership


     
    Handling: As with most manufacturers of vans, the aim is to make the larger vehicle drive and feel like a car. Mercedes has achieved this with the use of many computers that assist in stabilizing the van. New 2015 models are offered with a new "Cross-wind assist" feature which assists the driver in compensating for strong wind which under incorrect driving situations could cause the van to tip over, especially if empty.
     



     

    Mercedes-Benz Sprinter in use as a private limousine


     
    The Sprinter has seen even greater success in passenger carrying roles. Starting a bus company is an expensive venture and the high cost of maintenance can dictate the direction of the company. The Sprinter Van has provided smaller transit carriers an alternative to purchasing a full size bus. Vanpools/Carpooling is becoming popular again, and the Sprinter van is very commonly used in this application. Its modest size also means it is easier to drive in carpool lanes.
  13. Stalliongrad
    The Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority was formed in 1996 in an alliance by three counties in Washington State. It operates Bus services as well as heavy and light rail. Service is operated jointly by several different Transit agencies that are part of the alliance.
     



     

    Sound Transit New Flyer D60LFR


     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Fleet Size: 280 Low Floor, Single Deck and Articulated Buses
     
    Routes: 25
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: Sound Transit and its sister agencies procure buses from New Flyer, Gillig and Motor Coach Industries. After observing the impact that Double Deckers have had in Victoria, British Columbia, Community Transit an ally has recently ordered 5 Alexander Dennis Enviro 500 Double Deckers.
     
     



     

    Community Transit Alexander Dennis Enviro 500 on loan from Alexander Dennis


     
    Fare Collection: The contactless card payment payment system in the Puget Sound region is called Orca card. (One Regional Card for All) It is valid on Sound Transit and its sister agencies.
     
     



     

    Orca Card and reader


     
    Livery: Sound Transit vehicles are known for their distinctive blue "wave" paint schemes provoking the slogan "ride the wave".
     
     



     

    Gillig Low Floor Hybrid


     
    Innovations: Sound Transit's Link Light Rail service is notable for being one of the newest projects to near completion. Expansion to other locations has already begun underway. The use of "Transit Tunnels" where Light Rail Vehicles and buses share the platform is also unique to the region.
     
     



     

    Sound Transit Link Light Rail Kenki Sharyo LRV


     
    Driving Dynamics: The stress that plagues larger transit authorities hardly applies to Sound Transit as its goal is not to absorb the surrounding agencies but compliment the services already offered. Sound Transit also sub contracts a few of its routes to smaller companies. Splitting the responsibility among several agencies has "lightened the load" so to speak. Sound Transit is also known for its Transit oriented programs and agendas aimed at getting people out of their cars and on to the bus or train.
     
     

    Sound Transit Commercial


     




     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Gnbjf6xPnE


  14. Stalliongrad
    DART as it is called locally, operates the mass transit system in the City of Dallas and adjoining cities. Cities near DART's service area can elect to join DART and pay a 1% sales tax.
     



     

    DART NABI LFW


     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Type: Public
     
    Fleet Size: 612 Low Floor Single Deck Buses, 163 Light Rail Vehicles
     
    Routes: 113 Bus Routes, 4 Light Rail lines, 1 Commuter Rail line
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: DART enter into an Agreement with NABI to purchase 459 LFW buses over a 3 year period.
     
     



     

    DART NABI LFW


     
    Fare Collection: There is no contactless card payment system in Dallas. Tickets and passes are purchased and then must be validated. DART created an phone app which fare can be paid using a credit card on a phone.
     
     



     

    DART Go Pass


     
    Livery: DART is known for its Yellow and White Livery on both its At Grade rail vehicles and Buses.
     
     



     

    DART Kenki Sharyo LRV


     
    Innovations: DART operates the largest light rail network in the US with over 90 miles of track.
     
     



     

    DART Kenki Sharyo LRV


     
    Driving Dynamics: As the "Jewel of the South" the Dallas-Forth Worth Metroplex is the largest urban mass in the south with large development projects taking place in the near future. As more development is completed it is expected more people will be moving to the area. DART is expanding preemptively to prepare for this.
     

    New DART NABI LFW's


     




  15. Stalliongrad
    Transit Buses are equipped with a device known as a Door Interlock. It's function pretty simple to understand. Door Interlocks are devices which prohibit the bus from moving while the bus is alighting. This is to prevent passengers being dragged under the wheels, doors accidentally closing on passengers and passengers falling off the bus while alighting. Depending on agency requests and demands regarding bus specifications some are activated by Air pressure some are activated by electric switches.
     



     

    Stagecoach Group Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 alighting passengers


     
    Door interlocks are engaged when the bus comes to a complete stop for a few seconds. It is perhaps helpful to think of a door interlock as a secondary parking brake because that is technically what they are. However drivers are encouraged not to think this way for several reasons. When the bus comes to a stop and begins alighting passengers, the interlock engages, some drivers have a nasty habit of using this as an excuse to take their foot off of the brake pedal. This is a mistake because some buses are designed where the interlock immediately disengages when the doors close. The bus will then begin to propel itself under its own idle power. Newer systems have been designed to disengage only when the accelerator is pressed lightly. This is the source of the quick "jerk" often felt when buses pull off. That jerking forward is the interlock disengaging. Some interlocks engage regardless of whether the doors are open or not and engage at red lights and stop signs.
     



     

    A Pneumatic Bus Door Interlock by Vapor Doors Company


     
    These devices make transit buses feel and handle differently for newer drivers. They greatly increase passenger safety however and prevent accidents involving the door. Some have become so sophisticated that they will not disengage until the driver has made absolutely sure there are no passengers in the door way. They require special knowledge as they must be disengaged before a pre trip air brake inspection is done. Air pressure cannot be drained properly if the door pressure is constantly being fed from a primary air tank. Pressure from the system must be released either using the emergency door switch, which disconnects all air off of the door or a power reset.
  16. Stalliongrad
    Since its introduction in 2008 the Xcelsior has already earned its place among the transit legends in its relatively short service life.
     




    New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 Factory Demonstrator


     



     
     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1930 by John Coval



    Main Office: Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada



    Industry: Transit Vehicles, Coachwork



    Notable Product: Xcelsior, C/D40LF


     



     

    Fairfaix Connector New Flyer Xcelsior XD40 in Fairfax, Virginia


     

    Model Quick Facts: XDE35, XDE40, XDE60


     

    Vehicle Length: 35, 40 or 60 ft



    Vehicle Height: 126 inches



    Vehicle Width: 102 inches



    Wheelbase: 283.75 inches



    Seating Capacity: XDE35 (32 seated 33 standing) XDE40 (40 seated 43 standing) XDE60 (63 seated 64 standing)



    Engine: Cummins ISL


     
    Overview: Quickly absorbed into the fleets of transit agencies all over North America the Xcelsior is the end product of attempts by New Flyer to streamline its offering by giving agencies an option to buy one bus instead of 3. The Xcelsior can be adapted to suit the needs of large and small transit agencies with the addition or exclusion of certain features. The Xcelsior is also the first bus placed on the market to offer industry firsts such as all LED lighting.
     
     



     

    NYCMTA New Flyer XD40 in New York City


     
    Driving Experience: The Xcelsior offers a comfortable drivers compartment area and very smooth controls. New Flyer's efforts to reduce weight by 6% are noticeable to a seasoned driver as the bus turns on a dime and stops just as well. Tail Swing is modest and manageable The dash has been lowered to improve visibility but driver ability to read the gauges is not compromised. Color coded gauge option makes this easier. The drivers compartment in Xcelsior models is often called industry best because of New Flyer's attention to detail and driver input.
     
     



     

    SF MUNI New Flyer XDE40 in San Francisco


     
    For passengers the floor layout is optimized to give more seating space than most other bus offerings of this class. A high floor at the rear gives way to a much larger standing platform in the center of the bus. Simplicity in design and ability to adapt to the various demands from transit agencies who all want something different the Xcelsior is extremely agency specific with regards to maintenance and upkeep. Most agencies opt for the XDE (Xcelsior Diesel Electric) Model or the XD (Xcelsior Diesel) models.
     



     

    MTA Maryland New Flyer XDE60 in Baltimore, Maryland


     
    Summary: It's simplicity and ease of customization and repair have earned the Xcelsior high marks and solidified its state among the transit greats in a such a short amount of time its procurement life is expected to go on well in to the future.
     
     

    NYCMTA New Flyer Xcelsior XD40


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10b45VK_5QE

     
     
     

    SF MUNI New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebub6-v09m0

  17. Stalliongrad
    The Gillig Low-Floor began the "Low-Floor" transition in the transit field which was necessary for easier ADA compliance. Utilized primairly by medium sized and smaller transit agencies due to lower running costs the Gillig Low-Floor has had repeat customers for decades.
     



     

    Sound Transit Gillig Low-Floor Hybrid (Revision)


     



     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1890 by Jacob Gillig



    Main Office: Hayward, California



    Industry: Transit Buses, Formerly School Buses



    Notable Product: Low-Floor BRT, Phantom, Advantage


     



     

    DASH (Driving Alexandrians Safely Home) Gillig Advantage Hybrid in Alexandria, Virginia


     

    Model Quick Facts:


     

    Vehicle Length: 29, 35 and 40 ft



    Vehicle Height: 116 inches



    Vehicle Width: 102 inches



    Engine: Cummins ISB or ISL, Caterpillar C9 or C8 or Detroit Diesel Series 40 or Series 50



    Seating Capacity: 40


     
    Overview: With lower running costs, the Gillig Low-Floor has seen great success with smaller operators. It is arguably one of the simplest transit bus designs on the market today. To compete with the larger competitors for sales with larger transit operators, the Low-Floor was given a facelift and added configuration flexibility. Frameless side window arrangements and improved Hybrid technology using the Cummins ISB engine have been made available.
     
     
     



     

    Long Beach Transit Gillig Low-Floor (Revision)


     
    Third Party Modifications: In its standard Diesel only configuration the Gillig Low-Floor has a relatively low roof line and a sturdy frame. There are several companies not associated with Gillig that safely modify the Gillig Low-Floor into a double decker for transit or tourist/sightseeing applications. These are often favored over purpose built double deckers which are often more expensive.
     
     
     



     

    Gillig Low-Floor Double Decker Modified


     
    Driving Experience: The Low-Floor handles well and because its the "cheaper" option isn't slowed down by extra weight from bulky add on equipment. It can dart away from red lights faster than its more expensive rivals. Tail Swing is moderate and the ease of control is why the bus is often used in suburban and shuttle services. Used to train new drivers on transit vehicles the bus offers the bare minimum while still delivering superior performance.
     
    Summary: Gillig gets enough repeat customers to stay in business and with plans to expand the Low-Floor into a new model the bus will continue to be an option for low cost fleets and shuttle services.
     

     
     

    Shuttle UM (University of Maryland) Gillig Low-Floor


     
     

    Shuttle UM Gillig Low-Floor



    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMbqkOVO-8g


     

    Ride-On (Montgomery County Maryland) Gillig Low-Floor Hybrid


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw7WSqVJpa0

  18. Stalliongrad
    The VanHool A300 Series of transit buses has seen great success in both European and American markets but however has seen difficulty in the latter. VanHool is better known for its well produced line of highway coaches produced in Europe and North America. A great handling and performing vehicle but isn't adaptable to certain enviroments. I drive one of these on a daily, to begin our vehicle profile series we start with the VanHool A300 Series.
     



     

    DC Circulator VanHool A330 in Washington DC


     



     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1947 by Bernard Van Hool



    Main Office: Koningshookit, Belgium



    Industry: Highway Coaches, Transit Buses and Semi-Trailers



    Notable Product: A300 Series, TD and TX Series Highway Coaches


     



     

    AC Transit VanHool A300K in Oakland, California


     

    Model Quick Facts: A330, A300K, A300L


     

    Vehicle Length: 40 or 30 ft



    Vehicle Height: 10.18 ft



    Vehicle Width: 8.5 ft



    Front Overhang: 9.30 ft



    Tail Swing: 11.84 ft



    Wheelbase: 19 ft



    Seating Capacity: 31 + Driver and 4 Wheelchairs



    Engine (USA): Cummins ISL producing 289 hp at 2,000 RPM



    Engine: (Europe): MAN, Volvo or Scania sourced engines


     
     
    Overview: Often selected by transit agencies wishing to portray a more "upscale" or "premium" service vehicles of Non-American or Canadian origin are selected simply because they are different that what is commonly seen serving the public today. That being said the VanHool A300 Series use in North America is usually seen as a luxury as they are more expensive and difficult to maintain than domestically produced models.
     
     



     

    Charm City Circulator VanHool A300L in Baltimore, Maryland


     
    Driving Experience: Driving a VanHool in comparison to a New Flyer or Orion model is like a BMW to a Chevrolet. European thinking is different than North American thinking. VanHool A300 Models are very different than their domestically produced rivals.
     
    Firstly, it is a common European vehicle design practice to "streamline" everything on the dashboard. that being said the VanHool 300 series dash only has 4 Components, a speedometer, fuel gauge, a tachometer and a large information display screen which takes the place of all other gauges normally found on the dash. This is both a good idea and a very annoying design quirk. North American buses are often littered with gauges but the upside is information is readily available. In the VanHool information is provided on a view screen. The difficulty with this is the driver MUST learn what all of the various icons that appear on the view screen mean and if they mean something serious or not. Similar to the way BMW and Mercedes-Benz models are constructed. An abridged version of the owners manual is usually given to drivers of these buses to understand the icons and their meanings.
     
     



     

    AC Transit VanHool A330


     
    Other than the dashboard the control panel is very well designed an laid out. Buttons are large and their function is usually self explanatory. The biggest difference between these buses and their North American rivals is the slight added difficulty in handling. The VanHool A330 has an 11 ft Tail Swing one of the longest in the industry. This makes for difficult cornering and uncertainty on tight streets. They typically come with 3 passenger doors instead of two and for this reason they need more space to maneuver. A300K and A300L models were seen to perform better and as a result the A330 model was discontinued by VanHool USA. These buses also have very different seating arrangements also attributed to European design. North American buses often have wheelchair securement positions mounted at the front where these buses have them at the center. This means that the bus center door houses the wheelchair ramp. It also means that the bus has more standing than sitting room. Seats are mounted on platforms instead of the floor directly. this means that passengers sit much higher off of the ground while maintaining a low floor. European buses also do not have stop request "pullcords" but utilize buttons instead.
     
    Often a nightmare for mechanics, these buses are often retrofitted with air conditioning as (apparently) it is not a standard feature in Europe. The compressors used for Air Conditioning that is often added later is usually not sufficient enough to cool the interior. Similarly the heating devices mounted are not adequate. This is usually attributed to the use of a third passenger door which lets all of the heat or cool air out when alighting.
     
    These buses also utilize Disk Brakes instead of Drums. When debris (such as a small rock or snow salt) gets in between the pad and the brake rotor a groove is formed by the pad pushing the rock into the rotor. This has the same effect as a needle on a record. The brakes will squeak loudly until the pads or rotors are changed.
     



     

    DC Circulator A300L (Note the Side Mounted Engine)


     
    Another interesting fun European design quirk is the destination board. On most VanHool A300 Series models they can be programmed to display destinations in more than one color. Varying from Red to Blue to Purple and Green. On the plus side the windscreen is very large and easy to see out of with no split screen. A large sun visor comes standard. VanHool A300 Models have a Very cool sounding electric horn. Some are also equipped with a "plastic" steering wheel instead of a leather wrapped one. This is actually better when wearing driving gloves as it gives the driver better control. These buses are equipped with power heated mirrors as well operated by a control knob.
     



     

    Rover Transit VanHool A300L


     
    Summary: For people used to driving Orion, New Flyer or NABI any VanHool A300 Model will feel very different but on the whole perform similarly if not better. The use of the 300 Series however should be limited to smaller agencies with as the use of this bus in densely urban areas is better left to experienced drivers due to the very long tail swing.
     

    AC Transit VanHool A300L


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3t3ZEI9jiwU

     
     

    DC Circulator VanHool A330


     

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2EdcJHKPeI

  19. Stalliongrad
    I dont know why it didnt occur to me to do this sooner. Print out cut and fold these paper models. Browse the web to find your favorite combination of Fleet Livery, Manufacturer and Model.
     



     

    Toronto Transit Commission New Flyer D40


     



     

    WMATA New Flyer C40LF


     



     

    NYCMTA Orion V


     



     

    Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) Alexander Dennis Enviro 500


     



     

    Greyhound Van Hool C2045


     



     

    Hertz Rent-A-Car Gillig Low Floor Airport Bus


  20. Stalliongrad
    Operated by the Coach USA/Coach Canada Subsidiary of UK based Stagecoach Group, Megabus offers quick, cheap travel between "hubs" providing a faster, more comfortable alternative to flying.
     



     

    Megabus Van Hool TD925 Astromega


     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Type: Private, Owned by Stagecoach Group, Operated by Coach USA/Coach Canada
     
    Fleet Size: Undisclosed. Approximately 150+ Single and Double Decker Highway Coaches
     
    Routes: 30, Surrounding major hubs such as NYC, Washington DC, Philadelphia and Toronto
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: Megabus sources the fleet from MCI (Motor Coach Industries) and Van Hool of Belgium. The fleet makes extensive use of the Cummins ISM Turbodiesel.
     



     

    Megabus MCI D4505


     
    Fare Collection: Megabus has incorporated online ticket sales into its business model. With fare as low as $1 in some areas the only method of validation is a confirmation number.
     
    Livery: In its smart blue paint, the Megabus fleet stands out significantly. All paint schemes used incorporate the company mascot. Megabus USA/Canada blue is noticeably brighter than the blue used by the UK counterparts. This was to avoid confusion with Greyhounds newer dark blue fleet.
     



     

    Megabus Van Hool TD925 Astromega (Coach Canada Operated), MCI J4500


     
    Innovations: Giving Greyhound a run for their money, Megabus offers similar service at a much lower cost. Megabus began to offer Wi-Fi first along with increased legroom. Tactics that Greyhound later implemented into its own fleet. Megabus connections between hubs instead of long distance bus travel began to make people think twice about booking a plane ticket. The low fares insured that Megabus would be able to fill seats faster on every trip. Megabus is aslo notable for its use of Double Deckers in a non Tourist application. Uncommon in the United States.
     



     

    Stagecoach Group Megabus UK Van Hool TD927 Astromega (European Variant)


     
    Driving Dynamics: As with any carrier safety is always the primary concern, Megabus' use of double decker buses has caused a great deal of controversy due to the accidents caused by buses crashing into bridges and overpasses with low clearance. Megabus routes were planned so that this would not be an issue. Unfortunately drivers must be vigilant and stay on the alert to watch for low clearance signs. Megabus double deckers stand at 13 feet tall. Most highway bridges and overpasses are designed to be at least 14 feet 5 inches tall to allow 18-wheelers to pass under them. Increased training has helped to curb the problem. Megabus has a noticeably higher driver turnover rate suggesting either an undesirable work environment or lack of dedicated drivers. Megabus USA drivers start out at $20.30 an hour with 2 years previous bus driving experience.
     
     

    Megabus on stop in Atlanta


     




     

    Megabus departing Baltimore


     




  21. Stalliongrad
    Flxible was an American manufacturer of Transit Buses, Motorcycle Sidecars and custom coachwork for various chassis applications such as Ambulances or Hearses.
     



     

    WMATA Flxible Metro B


     
     

    Manufacturer Quick Facts:


     

    Founded: 1913, in Loudonville, Ohio



    Defunct: 1996



    Notable Product: Metro-B/Grumman 870


     
    Almost every transit agency in the United States operated a fleet of Flxible Metro B's in the late 80's to the early 90's. Among the last of the true "high floor" designs, the Flxible Metro B legandary status is the subject of debate among transit fans due to its relatively short fleet life.
     



     

    NJ Transit Flxible Metro B


     

    Equipment Profile: Metro B


     

    Type: High Floor Transit Bus



    Chassis: 35 or 40 Feet



    Engine: Detroit Diesel 8V71 or Cummins L10 or M11E



    Transmission: ZF, Allison or Voith (most common)



    Seating Capacity: 45 on a 35 Ft Chassis, 53 on a 40 Ft Chassis


     
    Flxible's rise to dominance begain in the late 1940's when the Clipper highway coach became popular. In the late 1970's Flxible capitalized on the success of the GM New Look bus by updating the design and playing on the key components which made it successful. In 1978 the company was sold to Grumman for $55 Million. Grumman acquired two prototypes for what would eventually become the Metro B. Grumman sold the Metro B under its own name as the Grumman 870. In the late 80's several transit agencies such as WMATA and NYCT began to cancel orders for their Metro B and 870 models because of difficulties with maintenance and cracks developing in the A-Frames which were not easily repaired. After a lengthy investigation it was later determined that the Metro B/870 was not capable of dealing with potholes found in many metropolitan areas and that this was the source of the cracked frames. After the cracks were discovered NYCT and other agencies were forced to take their fleet of Metro B/870's out of service until they were repaired. This defect was effected almost 3,000 buses across several agencies. It cost Grumman over $7 Million to fix all of them.
     



     

    Portland Tri-Met Flxible B (one of the last still in service)


     
    Toward the late 90's the market for high floor buses began to decline in the bigger metropolitan markets. Models being offered by the competition were significantly better such as the Gillig Low-Floor which debuted in 1996. The Metro B does however live on in the historic fleets of a few transit agencies because of its overnight.. "success". The Metro B had design quirks which were unusual and mad the bus look and perform awkwardly. The rear of the bus was much higher than the front, which caused the front to have an unusually low front axle ride height. This made the bus appear as if it was going to tip over when cornering.
     



     

    WMATA Orion VI


     
    Temporary Revival: In the Early 2000's WMATA began to experience severe difficulties with its fleet of Orion VI's which were known to catch fire for unknown reasons. WMATA decided to take all of its remaining Orion VI's out of service permanently. WMATA had planned to wait until its order of New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 buses was completed. To fill this gap in service WMATA brought a several of its retired Metro B's back in service until the New Flyer order was completed.
     

    WMATA Flxible Metro B's temporarily put back in service.


     




     
     

    Flxible Metro B in service with NJ Transit


     




  22. Stalliongrad
    "Since your a bus driver, tell us where you work and what its like" Fair enough.
     



     
    The DC Circulator is an interior bus service which connects the various landmarks/Tourist Attractions and Government Buildings of Washington DC. Supplementing the service provided by the regional transit authority WMATA, The Circulator is primarily used by tourists.
     



     

    DC Circulator Van Hool A330


     
    Type: Public-Private Joint Venture, operated by First Transit
     
    Fleet Size: 49 Low Floor Single Deck buses, 22 new buses on order to be delivered in March 2015
     
    Routes: 5, 2 new routes planned and will be in service after new staff and vehicles placed in service
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: The Circulator uses European style transit buses to distinguish itself from WMATA. Van Hool A300 buses were purchased after a transit agency in Oakland decided not to go through with their order. Van Hool added air conditioning to the fleet due to DC's hot humid summers. In 2009 14 smaller variants of the A300 called the A300K were added. With the entire fleet nearing the end of its service life, WMATA requested funding to order new buses for the Circulator. 22 New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 buses have been ordered, 10 have been completed and are in storage at WMATA's fleet garage in Landover, MD. They will be painted and added to the fleet in early March. The fleet is Diesel powered. The new buses will by diesel electric hybrid.
     



     

    DC Circulator Van Hool A330


     
    Fare Collection: At only $1 the Circulator was ment to provide an affordable shuttle service for tourists to DC's various attractions. Locals who use the service can use WMATA's SmarTrip card to pay.
     
    Livery: In 2004 the Circulator was intended to stand out from WMATA's fleet as a premium service. The Circulator Red and Grey livery has served as inspiration for newer transit services placed in service in Washington DC. The new DC Streetcar line has the same livery. The DC City Council recently forced all Taxicabs in DC to carry the same livery remarkably similar to the Circulator livery.
     



     

    DC Streetcar Skoda Inekon


     



     

    DC Taxi Toyota Prius


     
    Innovations: At only $1 and buses arriving every 10 minutes the Circulator lives up to its name as a shuttle service it has no set schedule. The Circulator is open 7 days a week 23 hours a day.
     
    Driving Dynamics: Ferrying passengers in the heart of the Nations Capital, the Circulator's mission has been a successful one with ridership on a steady increase. New routes to go to the National Cathedral and the National Mall, the site of many historic events are currently in the planning stages due to increased demand. The DC City council approved the construction of new sports venues all over the city. The Nationals Stadium, home to the Washington Nationals Baseball team was the first of these projects. Also approved as new premium level European style Soccer stadium to be the new home of the DC United MLS Soccer Team. With all of these new developments the Circulator is being groomed to cope with increased levels of service.
     



     

    DC Circulator Van Hool A300L


     
     

    DC Circulator buses serving the Navy Yard WMATA Station.



    (The Beeping sound is the Crosswalk Monitor for the Hard of Hearing)


     




  23. Stalliongrad
    Google Maps, A web based mapping service which displays street level GPS maps and routing services has become invaluable in making travel easier.
     



     

    Google Maps Subaru Impreza Mapping the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster Zone in Japan


     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Type: Private
     
    Fleet Size: Unspecified, fleet deployed worldwide
     
    Routes: Global
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: Google utilizes the most practical size and type of vehicles for each type of area being mapped. Smaller hatchbacks are used to map Urban and Suburban developments, SUVs are used to map rural and unmarked paths. Google's fleet is composed of the available manufacturers in a specified area. Google uses the Subaru Impreza Hatchback in most city mapping operations. The equally sized Opel Astra is used in Europe. The Hyundai Santa Fe and Chevrolet Captiva are commonly used SUV's in Google's Fleet.
     



     

    Google Maps Opel Astra in Italy


     
     
    Fare Collection: Not Applicable
     
    Livery: Google Maps vehicle fleet is decorated with the website interface used when entering and viewing data on Google Maps.
     



     

    Google Maps Hyundai Santa Fe in California


     
    Innovations: Google uses a 15 lens roof mounted camera to record the street view offered in its Google Maps application. The technology has proven successful and the data collected and used in Google Maps has been extremely helpful for street level navigation. A group of as many as 20 cars are shipped to Google's nearest office and then deployed individually to map every street. Privacy has become a major concern. People who come in contact with the vehicle during recording do appear on Google Maps. To address these concerns, Google has enabled Facial Blurring and License Plate Censoring elements to search results. A formal request to be removed from Google Maps can be submitted and Google will remove you, your house or car from search results. Google Maps recording expeditions occur once every 2-3 Years to keep results current. New roads and developments are priority to include them in future search results and map requests.
     



     

    Google Maps Chevrolet Captiva on Recording Assignment in Cambodia


     
    Driving Dynamics: Google Maps fleet attracts attention both welcome and undesirable. Google Maps drivers have been stopped by police in areas with legislation to remain "off grid". Others deem the camera assembly a danger to public safety. Google Maps cars have been involved in "not at fault" accidents due to drivers distracted by the vehicles roof mounted camera equipment and livery.
     

    Google Maps Subaru Impreza on Recording Assignment in New York City


     




  24. Stalliongrad
    If you've ever heard the distinctive "Pffft" noise that heavy trucks and buses make and been curious as to why they do this. Continue reading. If you have no interest in trucks or heavy vehicles this will be useless knowledge you can use to say you learned something today. If you ever want to get your CDL license so you can drive trucks and buses this information will help you pass your written and driving test.
     



     

    On an 18-Wheeler Semi truck, The Red Knob activates the spring brakes on the trailer, The Yellow Knob activates the spring brakes for the rest of the system.


     
    Airbrakes are used to stop heavy vehicles as they are more effective because the use of air pressure allows more force to be applied to the brakes than hydraulic force would allow. Air brakes uses a series of complex valves, tanks and hoses to move air through out the system. There are many components but once each component is understood and its function is explained the rest becomes easier to understand.
     



     

    Truck Air Brake System Components Diagram


     
    The Air Compressor is simply a pump. The Compressor pumps air into the system and it is mounted to the engine. It is usually belt or gear driven and begins to pump air as soon as the engine is started.
     
    The Compressor Governor is a device which "governs" when the compressor starts pumping air and stops pumping air. The Governor tells the compressor to "Cut in" or start pumping air at around 100-90psi and to "Cut out" or stop pumping air at around 120-125psi.
     
    Once air passes through the governor it is forced into a device called the Air Dryer (not shown). The Air Dryer (sometimes called a wet tank) foricbly removes moisture and other containminants from the air pumped from the compressor. This is the source of the loud (PFFFT) sound given off by trucks and buses. The sound is the water and dirt being forced out of the system. The air is then forced into the primary air tank (called the dry tank) where it is stored ready to be used to provide braking force.
     
    The Primary Air Tank provides braking power to rear wheels. Most braking on trucks and buses is done with the rear wheels (where the vehicle carries the most weight) which is why it is the primary system.
     
    The Secondary Air Tank provides braking power to the front wheels. Not as much braking force is needed at the front so the secondary tank is usually smaller.
     
    Some vehicles are equipped with a third auxilliary air tank which is used to power other air powered devices on board such as Air Doors and Air Horns.
     
    Now we have covered half of the system.
     
    The Brake Pedal on a vehicle equipped with air brakes is actually a valve. Commonly called a Treadle Valve. Everytime you press on the brake pedal Air is let out of the tanks and into the brake chambers slowing the vehicle down. A (PFFFT) sound is heard doing this as well.
     
    When air is released from the tanks it then goes into the Brake Chambers. There is a brake chamber at each wheel. Air Brake Chambers are designed as a fail safe system. When you release the Parking Brakes... Air forces very powerful springs back allowing the vehicle to move. If there isn't enough pressure to hold back the springs, the springs will activate and stop the vehicle right away.
     
    Under normal braking Air forced into the chambers pushes on a device called the Pushrod. The Push rod turns air pressure into lateral motion. The Pushrod turns another device called the Slack Adjuster. When the Pushrod turns the slack adjuster they should form a 90' angle. If this does not happen that brake chamber is out of alignment and could cause an accident.
     
    When the Slack Adjuster is turned a device connected to it called the "S-Cam" pivots on two points called the cam rollers. This action separates the Brake Shoes which then push and rub up against the brake drum. The friction caused by this is the same as it is in cars and it slows the vehicle down.
     
    You now know how truck and bus air braking systems work, but it would be helpful to see it wouldnt it? welp ive got just the thing:
     




     

    And If your still confused this one is easier to understand


     




     
    Some Quick Numbers:
     
    125 psi = Is a fully charged Air Brake System
    130 psi + = is an overcharged system. This is an indicator that the Governor has failed and the pressue could build up and explode because the system is closed.
    90 and 100 psi = is normal pressure range when driving normally. It will drop everytime you push the brake petal but the compressor will restore the air in a few seconds.
    60 psi = Is when the low air warning light and buzzer will sound. If this happens while driving it is an indicator that the compressor and or governor has failed or it could be a leak in one of the air lines. At 60 psi you still have enough time to safely pull over and call for help.
    40-20 psi = there isnt enough air in the system to hold back the parking/emergency brake springs and they will automatically activate.
  25. Stalliongrad
    The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (simply called Metro by locals) serves the District of Columbia as well as the suburbs in Prince George's County and Montgomery County, Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia. Founded in 1967 with plans to expand Washington D.C's Transit network the various transit companies in DC were consolidated into one entity.
     



     

    A WMATA New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40


     
    Quick Facts:
     
    Type: Public. Tri-Jurisdictional with funding from the Federal Government, State of Maryland and State of Virginia.
     
    Fleet Size: 1,505 Low-Floor Single Deck buses
     
    Routes: 320 with 440.000 riders a day
     
    Manufacturer and Powerplant: WMATA's fleet consists of domestically manufactured buses built by NABI (North American Bus Industries) New Flyer of Canada and Orion Bus Industries. As per federal government regulations WMATA must give priority consideration to American companies when aquiring new vehicles to add to its fleet. New Flyer of Canada is exempt from this rule as New Flyer maintains a manufacturing facility in Alabama. The only foreign buses in WMATA's fleet were Neoplan/Ikarus articulated and were removed from primary service due to their age and high-floor arrangement. Almost all WMATA's fleet is is Hybrid Diesel-Electric as part of a clean air low emission order. The oldest buses in WMATA's fleet are solely Diesel powered and will be retired by the end of 2014.
     
     



     

    WMATA New Flyer D40LFR


     
    Fare Collection: The contactless card payment system in Washington DC is called Smartrip. Smartrip cards are valid on WMATA's Bus and Rail service and can be reloaded at Giant grocery stores when not near a station. They cost $10 and come with $5 preloaded. Bus to Bus transfer is free and bus to rail transfer is reduced with the use of Smartrip. WMATA still equips their buses with cash boxes to accept cash fare payment.
     
     



     
    Livery: WMATA rebranded its Metrobus fleet in late 2006 expelling the older White, Red and Blue Livery for a new Silver and Red livery on local routes and Silver and Blue for express routes. WMATA does sell the sides and rear of their buses for advertising space.
     
     



     

    WMATA NABI 42 BRT


     
    Innovations: WMATA's primary service area being Washington DC security is always a major concern. WMATA operates its own police service which places plainclothed officers on board trains and buses at random as well as uniformed patrol. Ridership declined after the 9/11 attacks and the London Underground bombing as passengers did not feel safe. Metro countered by stepping up uniformed patrols of the subway network and bus service. If in the event of a bus hijacking or robbery the fleet is equipped with a killswitch that will simulate and engine failure and notify the police of an incident. WMATA buses are also equipped with as many as 10 cameras including G-force activated cameras in the event of an accident.
     
     
     



     

    WMATA Neoplan of Germany AN460, brought out of retirement and repainted in new livery.


     
    Driving Dynamics: The Washington DC Suburban Area is one of the most congested areas in the country. However being a bus driver in this area isn't always difficult as traffic is highly regulated by the time of day. Most traffic in the morning in DC is caused by the work rush. Many people who live in DC use the Bus and Train to get to work. However DC is home to the Government and many people who live in Maryland and Virginia commute to work via car. The middle of the day is the calmest up until the lunch rush. Afternoon rush hour is the busiest. The majority of people working for the Government or the Military are encouraged to ride the bus with lower fares and discounts. The biggest issue for drivers however continues to be violence. Bus Drivers are frequent targets of harassment and abuse. WMATA has considered putting a plexiglass shield inbetween the driver and passengers for driver safety but a design has yet to be approved by the drivers union.
     
     



     

    WMATA New Flyer DE42LFA Hybrid Eletric in the Blue "Express" Livery


     

    WMATA Buses serving Washington D.C's Chinatown


     




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