Didn't lauren faust once say that they were "young adults"(a person aging from 20-40).They call themselves "mares"(adult female hores).To be honest their all fully grown horses there is no denying that.In the show not once have i ever heard anypony call them "little girls","young ladies" or anything like that.I do hear everypony call'em "miss","lady" and all sorts of things adult women would be called.with that said, i'll put them around 20-30 range of age.No older or younger.
For me it goes like this.
Rarity,Applejack(oldest, and they own businesses)
Rainbow Dash,Fluttershy(they both were in school at the same time)
Pinkie Pie(she's a year younger then Fluttershy)
Twilight Sparkle(youngest)
Then again Twilight could be older then all of them, idk, LOL.I'll stick with what lauren faust said(since it's more cannon) and leave them around 20-30.