gaming Fighting game character "types"

[Steel Accord 6,660]

So this is going to sound weird, but I've always loved fighting games while simultaneously being A ) not very good at them and B ) being completely divorced from the competitive scene around them. I'm not exactly aching to join and compete but there is a culture and terminology I feel like I'm missing because of this.

 

I hear characters referred to as "rushdown" or "charge." I'm sure I've played with these characters and styles but just never knew what they were called. Could somepony perhaps elucidate these character types, what they describe, and who are one or two examples of each?