I'm also writing a story but it's more fantasy than anything. Sadly since I have been busy with work and school I haven't been able to type the rest of the story out just-yet in terms on description. I'm also making artwork for it. But it it aspires some credentials from the the late 19th century and before asphalt/paved roads became common and before automobiles became widespread or were even conceived (but given that my story is fantasy I made up my own technologies with sort of a steam punk vibe).
I'll tell you this. In the planning stage, whether you're already past that or not, think most importantly about character interaction and not just in regards to one human to the next, but with the world you have molded around them. Think, but first with your limited knowledge on things such as their personal strides and strifes. Many things that the society your molding around them helps determine or coincides with. Next I consider the base setting. One of the two main characters lives in a harbor town where a market place exits where his family sells their harvested ink from their berry plantation. With a clear(er) idea on the identity of the main individual, which includes their personal living it involves now doing some research. And so it means formulating some research questions to get me started. And a few of those would be:
If you working on a berry plantation where dye/ink is formed, who do you sell it to? The local printing press! Companies or groups that distribue fabric.
What would have been worth printing about in such a time period? Again, it takes place in the early 19th century and the characters basically live on the coast of land, big things happening overseas. The Industrial Revolution and the Romantic era disparaging any smog emitted by the city. Where working conditions are tough, espcially if you are a minority during these times.
Think of building the setting as a process of elimination where you ask one question only to lead unto another. This in-turn helps find your characters place in the neck of it all.
I can't tell you too much right now because I'm still sort of a beginning writer myself and I have some assignments to finish, but I'd recommend going to some of my favorite advisory sites, such as ehow.com, about.com, and the like.
Tons of helpful posts by professionals of all trades, especially in the field of writing.