Those certifications you are referring to are higher level ones designed for people with previous experience. Even then, certifications like the CISSP don't have that type of retake policy. Entry level certifications like the CompTIA trio (A+, Network+, and Security+) along with the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) do not take that long to obtain. I actually self studied for my A+ and I am planning to get more certifications soon.
Here's more info about the CISSP retake policy: https://www.isc2.org/cancel-policy.aspx
From what I understand, you can retake any of the (ISC)2 exams three times within one calendar year. Also, the IT certifications you mentioned are related to InfoSec (Information Security) and not to entry level jobs. I don't want to get off topic too much, but there different ways to get into the IT field. You have to research more ways to do so.